Informatics Publishing Limited

A. K. Tiwari , V. K. Bhatt , R. C. Bansal

Abstract

The Shivalik range of Himalayas, represent the most fragile ecosystem in India. In order to restore the ecological environment in this area, a hilly watershed typical of the region of 21 ha area was brought under study in 1963. The watershed has been under complete protection and was treated by soil and water conservation measures during 1963-64. A dam of height 5.5 m was constructed across the main channel to store 0.54 ha-m of water at the strategic location. Low cost check dams and water spreaders to dissipate the erosive force of runoff and arresting sediment were constructed mainly in the first and second order streams. Temporal changes in water yield from hilly catchment of Shivalik were monitored for forty years (1963-2003). Initially the results have been highly encouraging as due to protection and management there was drastic reduction in water yield. However, the trend changed after sometime questioning the sustainability of soil and water conservation treatment in the watershed and the change in vegetation composition.

Keywords

Water Yield, Aspect, Infiltration Rate, Vegetation, Watershed

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I. I. Erasmus , R. C. Bansal

Abstract

Runoff data for six different sized experimental watersheds at the Soil Conservation Research Station, Chandigarh, has been correlated with rainfall intensity and area. A runoff prediction equation has been derived for application in small watersheds in the Ambala Siwaliks.

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R. C. Bansal ¹

Affiliations
1 Heavy Electricals (India) Ltd., Bhopal, IN

Abstract

Rural overhead lines are very vulnerable to flashovers, which may be caused by straws, twigs, large birds, conductors touching each other in winds and most frequently lightening, All of these causes are usually transient in themselves. Statistics have shown that out of the total number of faults which occur on high-voltage rural distribution system, 80% faults are temporary or transient faults which are cleared as soon as the lines are de-energised. Hence in such cases supply can be restored without carrying out any replacement of the equipment concerned.

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